O’Heron and her team help patients manage several types of chronic conditions, such as: O’Heron and her team treat a variety of acute conditions, such as:Ĭhronic conditions are long-lasting, or persistent illnesses that require ongoing care. O’Heron and her team at Lifeboat Medical Associates provide personalized care to all patients across a full spectrum of conditions, including: Acute careĪcute conditions are illnesses and injuries that happen suddenly and last a short time. What types of conditions does a family physician treat?ĭr. O’Heron and her team provide a wide range of acute, chronic, and preventive medical care with a patient-centered focus. Unlike medical specialties that focus on a particular organ or system in your body, family medicine integrates complete care for overall health and well-being.īecause of the wide range of patients and conditions family physicians treat, they require extensive training in many areas of medicine, including pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and internal medicine.Īs experts in family medicine, Dr. In this review, we will focus on astrocytes and microglia.Family medicine encompasses comprehensive health care for people of all ages, from infants to seniors. Each population of glial cells is specialized for a particular function in the central or peripheral nervous system ( García-Cabezas et al., 2016), and normal brain function depends on the interplay between neurons and the various types of glial cells. Glial cells are categorized into two main groups macroglia, which includes astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, NG2-glia and ependymal cells, and microglia which are the resident phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to their lack of electrical activity, it was previously assumed that glial cells primarily functioned as “nerve-glue” ( Virchow, 1860) and performed house-keeping functions for neurons however, this concept has shifted due to recent findings showing glia are key components in many neuronal functions that go far beyond housekeeping ( Araque et al., 1999 Buskila et al., 2019a). Glia are non-neuronal cells of the nervous system which do not generate electrical impulses yet communicate via other means such as calcium signals. We will discuss the nature of each glial malfunction, its specificity to each disorder, overall contribution to the disease progression and assess its potential as a future therapeutic target. While there is compelling evidence for glial modulation of synaptic formation and regulation that affect neuronal signal processing and activity, in this manuscript we will review recent findings on neuronal activity that affect glial function, specifically during neurodegenerative disorders. Recent advances have demonstrated that glial cells, specifically microglia and astroglia, are involved in several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Moreover, as glia are key players in the brain immune system and provide structural and nutritional support for neurons, they are intimately involved in multiple neurological disorders. Glia, a non-excitable cell type once considered merely as the connective tissue between neurons, is nowadays acknowledged for its essential contribution to multiple physiological processes including learning, memory formation, excitability, synaptic plasticity, ion homeostasis, and energy metabolism.
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